These properties can be used to test the numerical differential protection of any manufacturer as described further in this document. Ensure all concerned personals shall use ppe and all other items as required. Can anyone tell how to do single phase stability for ref in secondary side of the transformer. With modern numerical transformer differential relays all above compensations are provided in the relay software. Universal testing method for power transformer differential. For example this could be a piece of homework or a study for a school class or it could be that you would like to learn how to do this experiment to test the transformers in your own house. Transformers regulate the voltage in circuits, but in some cases these can go bad and cause a circuit to not. Apr 26, 2012 the story of transformer stability the transformer stability test used to conform the ct connections for differential and ref protection. This scheme of restricted earth fault protection is very sensitive for internal earth fault of electrical power transformer. The purchase, preparation, assembly, operation and maintenance of transformers represent a large expense to the power system.
For the ref protection of a winding, 4 cts are involved, three phase and one neutral e xcept for auto transformers where sometimes 6 cts, 3 phase and 3 neutral may be present. Transformer biassed differential stability test protection. A single ref function is used that sums the hv residual current calculated from the 3 phases on the hv side, mv residual current calculated from the 3. T1 transforemer stability test report electrical substation. How to do the ref stability test for power transformers in site answer saravanan. Transformer oil purchase specifications developed under the auspices of the doble oil committee march, 2017 composition this specifications covers new insulating oil for general applications for liquidfilled electrical equipment, which are manufactured from mineral crude, which may be either naphthenic, which has a very low naturally. An external fault in the star side will result in current flowing in the line current transformer of the affected phase and at the same time a balancing current flows in the neutral current transformer, hence the resultant current in the relay is therefore zero. Mainly two types of transformer are done by manufacturer before dispatching the transformer mainly 1 type test of transformer and 2 routine test. Ref stability test cooler circuits temperature indicators calibration. Figure 5 shows the result of the curve fitting for core 1, considering the y axis to be the current and x axis to be the voltage, the following expression give the standard. Transformers are an electrical component that transmit electrical energy between at least two circuits. Ensure that all equipment to be tested is properly grounded and treat all highvoltage power equipment as energized until proven otherwise by using the proper lockouttagout procedures. This document gives detail step by step procedure for the testing of above stability test. Cts are instrument transformers used for converting primary current into a reduced secondary current for use with meters, relays, control equipment and other instruments.
Thus, it can be quite tricky to test a numerical transformer differential relay by secondary injection in order to verify that the relay is set properly to protect transformer in a particular application. View table of contents pdf andor handbook foreword pdf order information. The primary and secondary voltages are measured to determine the ratio v2v1 reference. Transformer testing type tests and routine tests of. The figure below shows a typi cal ref scheme and setup for performing a single phase stability test ref stability test. Hi all, we have been doing transformer stability tests at our project. Magnetization curve saturation test this test is usually only done for ps class cores of current transformers to verify the value of vk of the ct. Before conducting a transformer winding resistance test, it is important to observe all safety warnings and take proper precautions.
The ct connections of the scheme are show in figure 1. Apply voltage through a variac on the open secondary of the ct and measure magnetizing current on the secondary. Power transformer testing swp check this is the latest process zone version before use. Primary injection testing of protection system for wiring. As power transformer is highly expensive as well as important part of distribution system. Primary injection testing of protection system for wiring errors between vts cts and relays photo credit. Magnetization and primary injection test of current transformer for protective relaying jacob tsado 8 current transformers. The characteristic equations for the three different ranges are given below. Commissioning a test for a differential protection scheme. Power transformer insulation resistance measurement winding resistance measurement magnetic current test magnetic balance test vector group confirmation.
Additionally, if ref is to be tested, a low resistance ngr can be placed in series with one hv leg earth, to create an imbalance, which i believe would truly prove ref. The procedure of the transformer ratio test is simple. Namely, if testing is based on injecting only one sequence current component at the time on both ct inputs of the. Transformer stability test, ct in neutral electric power. For the purposes of this question i shall keep the answer simple, as though. But during an internal fault, the neutral current transformer only carries the unbalance fault current and operation of restricted earth fault relay takes place. How to do the ref stability test for power transformers in. Commissioning a test for a differential protection scheme for. The power transformer testing fat test is performed after completion of the assembly at the manufacturing shop. Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics vii contents continued page 4. Transformer stability test free download as word doc. Testing of stability of transformer differential scheme. Transformer differential relay testing and how to create slope on omicron kit ret abb relay duration. Doc transformer stability test sameera ganage academia.
Contract specific procedure for testing of electrical equipment and 2kv ohl. Nov 17, 2019 restricted earth fault protection of transformer. It is not a complete stepbystep procedure for performing tests and is not replacing the user manual for the actual instrument. There are various test required on transformer to conform performance of transformer. Oct 02, 2016 learn the basics of differential protection of transformers electrical engineerr. Ensure only trained persons shall operate the power tools. Pl brief anyone what is stability of transformer and how to do. Stability testing of tansformer ref protection scheme. Magnetization and primary injection test of current. Page 3 of 5 standard work practice sp0511 ver 4 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 open dla test terminal on transformer bushing. Commissioning a test for a differential protection scheme for a threewinding transformer figure 1.
Ms excel spreadsheet electrical engineering portal. Ensure adequate lighting is provided in the working area at night time. Current transformers testing and commissioning guidelines. The relays have to be tested as per the procedure mentioned in manuals. A typical transformer differential protection scheme is applied. Normally during commissioning time single phase current test sources are available at site. The protection scheme is comparatively cheaper than differential protection scheme. Short circuit test and differential stability stable condition. Easy and intuitive method for testing transformer differential relays zoran gajic fahrudin mekic vasteras, sweden allentown, pa. Transformer, operation, testing and maintenance 33kv and below. Procedure for transfer stability differential relay as well as ref relay stability apply 3ph 380 volts at the primary side of the transformer and short all the three phase lv after differential cts.
Contract specific procedure for testing of electrical equipment and 2kv ohl source. It has been developed with the assistance of bureau of reclamation engineers. The following phasor equations, given in the literature10 and 11, shall be. The intention of this reference manual application guide is to guide the operator in the.
How to do the ref stability test for power transformers in site. Ensure service areawork area openings are provided with barricade, tape, and safety nets. If the transformer is new, the resistance test also serves as a verification of. So this ref relay will not be actuated for external earth fault. So for ensuring proper performance of electrical power transformer, voltage and turn ratio test of transformer one of the important tests. Learn the basics of differential protection of transformers. The short circuit test can be switched on off with the breaker on secondary side. Transformer primary injection testing swp check this is the latest process zone version before use. The purpose of transformer differential stability check is to see the good health of the differential ct circuits that is protective the in zone instrumentation from actual fault conditions and thru fault conditions. Testing of transformer insulation test pressure test. After completing the sensitivity test by reversing the cts, all 3 phase ct connections to be normalized and again ref stability of the ct circuits to be confirmed before concluding the test.
Voltage transformer testing swp page 3 of 19 standard work practice sp0508 ver 7 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 if any risks cannot be managed or reduced to an acceptable level, do not proceed with the task and seek assistance from your supervisor. The purpose of differential stability test is to determine the healthiness of the differential ct circuits which is protecting the in zone equipment from actual fault conditions and through fault conditions. Transformer, operation, testing and maintenance 33kv and below 9. Stability tests of ref schemes are don e to ensure that all wirings and ct polarities are connected correctly. Inspect transformer and parts for shipping damage and moisture.
Pdf high impedance restricted earth fault protection. Transformer with a common earth auto transformer when the low impedance ref is applied to a transformer with a common earth between the hv and the mv, all currents must be evaluated. It need not be graded or coordinated with any other protection. Before proceding with transformer measurements the test engineer will become familiar with the safety rules of section 2. The protection scheme is comparatively cheaper than differential. So the test procedure using a single phase current source is shown. For the second harmonic restraining test put the setting 20%. Current transformers cts can be broadly divided in to two type, indoor and outdoor type. It has been written for transformer designers, test field engineers, inspectors, consultants. May 10, 20 so transformer ratio test is an essential type test of transformer. Applied voltage in primary side 380 v expected hv side current applied voltage x hv current at tap9. For testing the diffrential schemewe apply a reduced voltage of 480v on the transformer. After the stability test it is advised not to touch or disturb the ct circuits of both the sides to ensure proper operation of the differential scheme.
Varitel proyectos e ingenieria sas there is no need to disturb wiring, which obviates the hazard of opencircuiting current transformers, and there is generally no need for any switching in the current transformer or relay circuits. Routine tests and type tests of transformers electrical4u. So transformer ratio test is an essential type test of transformer. Mr lee wai meng shares some of his experience in the protection of transformers, through a case study. Transformer stability test transformer magnetic devices. The transformer stability test used to conform the ct connections for differential and ref protection.
The type and routine test are very important for transformer. Easy method for testing transformer differential relays cigre 2009. Principle of transformer protection theme and testing. Pdf easy method for testing transformer differential relays. What is ref restricted earth fault protection on transformer. T1 transforemer stability test report free download as word doc. Power transformer all tests in hindi before erractig. This test also performed as a routine test of transformer.
Th e transformer is one of the most important items of hardware in the electrical power system. All work to be done with voltage transformer deenergised. As it checks the quality of material used and the procedure of transformer manufacturing hence provide us details of life of transformer, the transformer behaviour on different faults. Power transformer testing fat test inspection for industry. Have the other two legs directly connected to earth for ref tripping. Easy method for testing transformer differential relays. It is restricted because ait detects earth faults for a partportion of the network. Page 1 of 14 standard work practice sp0504 ver 4 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062. The operating principal of the high impedance ref is to balance the sum of the residual phase currents in the case of an auto transformer, the hv and the mv residual currents with the output of a current transformer in the neutral. We have been doing transformer stability tests at our project. The answer to this question would depend on the circumstance you will need to do a transformer stability test in. What is thermal relay and how it is works in transformer please explain. Figure vt polarity test transformer turns ratio test a variable ac source is applied on the primary side.